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From: Greg Maxwell <gmaxwell@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 18 Jul 2025 22:18:50 +0000
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Subject: Re: [bitcoindev] Human meaningful witness versioning
To: Ethan Heilman <eth3rs@gmail.com>
Cc: Bitcoin Development Mailing List <bitcoindev@googlegroups.com>
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It's an unfortunate side effect of the system's operation that this field
is even legible in addresses, as doing so means funds senders think they
need to police which ones are used which has a side effect of
practically inhibiting users from self-selecting the rules that govern
their own coins.   It also presumes that different 'use types' map to
different witness versions-- akin to the false belief that "3" addresses
were multisig--,  but this is a wrong assumption as the witness version is
the product of technical minutia and not the user's application.

It also creates needless competition for a limited resource. Why wouldn't
*every* type be as compressed as reasonably possible? Why would there be
only one kind of "resistant" address?

It also presumes inflexible single use application-- but that isn't even
inherent in the current limited functionality PQ schemes.   For example, a
hash tree signature scheme could easily be created that had a hidden branch
in it that was "surprise, this branch is secretly a script commitment, and
we're going to spend using the script!"  in order to support taproot like
"key-happy-path or script-fallback" that is revealed if the fallback is
used.

So I think this is undesirable and undermines the motivations of the
existing design.






On Fri, Jul 18, 2025 at 10:00=E2=80=AFPM Ethan Heilman <eth3rs@gmail.com> w=
rote:

> I want to propose a new criteria for allocating Witness versions based on
> human meaningfulness and see if there is support for this approach or if
> the community is highly allergic to this idea.
>
> Bech32 (BIP-0173
> <https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0173.mediawiki>) was
> designed such that the Witness version is the first character in an addre=
ss
> after the =E2=80=9Cbc1=E2=80=9D address prefix
>
> Witness Version 0: bc1q=E2=80=A6
> Witness Version 1: bc1p=E2=80=A6
>
> Witness version 2: bc1z=E2=80=A6
>
> Witness version 3: bc1r=E2=80=A6
>
> Witness version 4: bc1y=E2=80=A6
> Witness version 5: bc19=E2=80=A6
>
> Witness version 6: bc1x=E2=80=A6
>
> Witness version 7: bc18=E2=80=A6
>
> Witness version 8: bc1g=E2=80=A6
>
> =E2=80=A6
>
> So far we have been allocating Witness Versions in incrementing numeric
> order (0,1,...). I want to suggest we allocate Witness Versions mnemonic =
to
> make it easier to look at an address and determine the output type.
>
> This originally came up over the question of if BIP-360 should use Witnes=
s
> Version 3 to get bc1r=E2=80=A6 for P2QRH (r for resistant) or the next nu=
merically
> available 2, but I want to see how the community feels about it as a
> general pattern for future softforks (z for compressed/zipped output, y f=
or
> yield outputs, etc=E2=80=A6).
>
> Making it easier for users to understand the output type associated is
> likely to grow in importance over time as we retire output types, add
> policy restricting the relay of certain output types or output types beco=
me
> insecure due to cryptanalytic breaks. While wallet software should flag
> dangerous output types, some wallets may not invest in such functionality
> or the user may be using a paper wallet. This is the same argument as
> prefixing addresses with =E2=80=9Cbc=E2=80=9D for mainnet and =E2=80=9Ctc=
=E2=80=9D for testnet.
>
> Note: the Witness version is sometimes called the SegWit version.
>
> Thanks,
> Ethan
>
> --
> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups
> "Bitcoin Development Mailing List" group.
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> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/bitcoindev/CAEM%3Dy%2BWkLOVJ787jjr5zZgK=
sAHxHkgdZjANqGycEh4K7ZSddSA%40mail.gmail.com
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KsAHxHkgdZjANqGycEh4K7ZSddSA%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=3Demail&utm_source=
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> .
>

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div>It&#39;s an unfortunate side effect of the system&#39=
;s operation that this field is even legible in addresses, as doing so mean=
s funds senders think they need to police which ones are used which has a s=
ide effect of practically=C2=A0inhibiting users from self-selecting the rul=
es that govern their own coins.=C2=A0 =C2=A0It also presumes that different=
 &#39;use types&#39; map to different witness versions-- akin to the false =
belief that &quot;3&quot; addresses were multisig--,=C2=A0 but this is a wr=
ong assumption as the witness=C2=A0version is the product of technical minu=
tia and not the user&#39;s application.</div><div><br></div><div>It also cr=
eates needless competition for a limited resource. Why wouldn&#39;t *every*=
 type be as compressed=C2=A0as reasonably possible? Why would there be only=
 one kind of &quot;resistant&quot; address?</div><div><br></div><div>It als=
o presumes inflexible single use application-- but that isn&#39;t even inhe=
rent in the current limited functionality PQ schemes.=C2=A0 =C2=A0For examp=
le, a hash tree signature scheme could easily be created that had a hidden =
branch in it that was &quot;surprise, this branch is secretly a script comm=
itment, and we&#39;re going to spend using the script!&quot;=C2=A0 in order=
 to support taproot like &quot;key-happy-path or script-fallback&quot; that=
 is revealed if the fallback is used.</div><div><br></div><div>So I think t=
his is undesirable and undermines the motivations of the existing design.</=
div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></=
div></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir=3D"=
ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Fri, Jul 18, 2025 at 10:00=E2=80=AFPM Ethan He=
ilman &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:eth3rs@gmail.com">eth3rs@gmail.com</a>&gt; wrot=
e:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0=
.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"l=
tr"><span id=3D"m_-6984527020455861218gmail-docs-internal-guid-e6fd3131-7ff=
f-2cae-188f-81e79dfa4fb9"><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-t=
op:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,s=
ans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeri=
c:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vert=
ical-align:baseline">I want to propose a new criteria for allocating Witnes=
s versions based on human meaningfulness and see if there is support for th=
is approach or if the community is highly allergic to this idea.</span><spa=
n style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);bac=
kground-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asi=
an:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline"><br><br><=
/span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bo=
ttom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:=
rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-va=
riant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:basel=
ine">Bech32 (</span><a href=3D"https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/=
bip-0173.mediawiki" style=3D"text-decoration-line:none" target=3D"_blank"><=
span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;background-color:=
transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font=
-variant-alternates:normal;text-decoration-line:underline;vertical-align:ba=
seline">BIP-0173</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,=
sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numer=
ic:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;ver=
tical-align:baseline">) was designed such that the Witness version is the f=
irst character in an address after the =E2=80=9Cbc1=E2=80=9D address prefix=
</span><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb=
(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-varia=
nt-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline=
"><br><br></span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0p=
t;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-s=
erif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:nor=
mal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-=
align:baseline">Witness Version 0: bc1q=E2=80=A6</span><span style=3D"font-=
size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:tr=
ansparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-v=
ariant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline"><br></span><span style=3D=
"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-co=
lor:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;=
font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">Witness Version 1: =
bc1p=E2=80=A6</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top=
:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,san=
s-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:=
normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertic=
al-align:baseline">Witness version 2: bc1z=E2=80=A6</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr=
" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=
=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background=
-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:norm=
al;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">Witness version =
3: bc1r=E2=80=A6</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-=
top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,=
sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numer=
ic:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;ver=
tical-align:baseline">Witness version 4: bc1y=E2=80=A6</span><span style=3D=
"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-co=
lor:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;=
font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline"><br></span><span st=
yle=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);backgro=
und-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:n=
ormal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">Witness versi=
on 5: bc19=E2=80=A6</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;marg=
in-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Ari=
al,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-nu=
meric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;=
vertical-align:baseline">Witness version 6: bc1x=E2=80=A6</span></p><p dir=
=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span =
style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);backg=
round-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian=
:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">Witness ver=
sion 7: bc18=E2=80=A6</span></p><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;ma=
rgin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:A=
rial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-=
numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:norma=
l;vertical-align:baseline">Witness version 8: bc1g=E2=80=A6</span></p><p di=
r=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);back=
ground-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asia=
n:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">=E2=80=A6<=
/span></p><br><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margi=
n-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;co=
lor:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;fon=
t-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:b=
aseline">So far we have been allocating Witness Versions in incrementing nu=
meric order (0,1,...). I want to suggest we allocate Witness Versions mnemo=
nic to make it easier to look at an address and determine the output type.<=
/span></p><br><p dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margi=
n-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;co=
lor:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;fon=
t-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:b=
aseline">This originally came up over the question of if BIP-360 should use=
 Witness Version 3 to get bc1r=E2=80=A6 for P2QRH (r for resistant) or the =
next numerically available 2, but I want to see how the community feels abo=
ut it as a general pattern for future softforks (z for compressed/zipped ou=
tput, y for yield outputs, etc=E2=80=A6).</span></p><br><p dir=3D"ltr" styl=
e=3D"line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style=3D"font=
-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:t=
ransparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-=
variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">Making it easier for use=
rs to understand the output type associated is likely to grow in importance=
 over time as we retire output types, add policy restricting the relay of c=
ertain output types or output types become insecure due to cryptanalytic br=
eaks. While wallet software should flag dangerous output types, some wallet=
s may not invest in such functionality or the user may be using a paper wal=
let. This is the same argument as prefixing addresses with =E2=80=9Cbc=E2=
=80=9D for mainnet and =E2=80=9Ctc=E2=80=9D for testnet.</span></p><br><spa=
n style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);bac=
kground-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asi=
an:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">Note: the=
 Witness version is sometimes called the SegWit version.</span><span style=
=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);background=
-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:norm=
al;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline"><br></span><span=
 style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);back=
ground-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asia=
n:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline"><br></span=
><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,0=
);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-eas=
t-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:baseline">Than=
ks,</span><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:=
rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-va=
riant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align:basel=
ine"><br></span><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;=
color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;f=
ont-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;vertical-align=
:baseline">Ethan</span></span></div>

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