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Date: Mon, 18 Dec 2023 01:37:23 +0000
To: Bitcoin Protocol Discussion <bitcoin-dev@lists.linuxfoundation.org>
From: yurisvb@pm.me
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Subject: [bitcoin-dev] Lamport scheme (not signature) to economize on L1
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Dear colleagues,

After having mentioned it in=C2=A0a Twitter Space=C2=A0a few moments ago, =
I felt the need to share the idea with you even just as a draft. Utilizing=
=C2=A0Lamport Scheme=C2=A0(not=C2=A0signature) for better byte-efficiency =
in L1:

1.  Have signing keys consist of the current ECC key AND a Lamport chain;
    =


2.  For signing of a transaction, broadcast a tuple consisting of=C2=A0

1.  the plain transaction,=C2=A0
2.  hash of the previous Lamport chain concatenated to the transaction
3.  commitment signed by ECC freezing its UTXO and promising that in a few=
 blocks time the pre image of hash will be published.

4.  a and b (but not c) are buried in coinbase session of a block B1 by mi=
ner M1;
5.  If upon maturity, such pre-image is not broadcasted, signed commitment=
 is buried in the next block and executed. As a consequence, frozen UTXO p=
ays B1 for a and b being buried at M1's coinbase=C2=A0and=C2=A0miner M2 fo=
r burying it [the commitment] in a block B2 subsequent to maturity;
6.  If pre-image is broadcasted before maturity, it is buried in another b=
lock B2', pays for itself, pays M1 for burying a adn b at B1 and pays what=
ever else was determined in the plain transaction of item 2.a.


The whole point is that, in the typical use case in which pre-image of has=
h is, in fact, successfully broadcasted before maturity, commitment, the o=
nly ECC signature in this protocol is discarded, and only two Lamport hash=
es end up being buried at L1.

To push economy even further, we could implement a memory-hard hash like A=
rgon2 to do the same entropy-processing trade-off already utilized for pas=
swords, so we could have hashes of, say 12 bytes, making it 24 in total, d=
own from 136 from ECC.
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